Social learning theory focuses on explaining how individuals learn through observation of others. Priming scripts fall under this umbrella theory. In simple terms, the observed ‘script’ is like a set of instructions the individual is ‘primed’ to follow when they encounter a particular social situation^[1].

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Emotional intelligence is defined as a set of skills that contribute to the following; accurate identification of emotions in oneself and others, ability to accurately express one’s emotions, ability to assist others to express their emotions, ability to regulate one’s emotions, ability to assist others to regulate their emotions, utilisation of feelings for motivation in life, utilisation of feelings for life planning, utilisation of feelings to help one achieve desired outcomes in life^[2].

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A macro theory of human motivation which refers to people’s innate psychological needs^[3].

It states that individuals’ innate psychological needs of relatedness (connection with others), competence (ability to perform skilled tasks) and autonomy (freedom of choice), when satisfied, enhance self-motivation and mental health.

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A theory coined by Sigmund Freud that proposes displacement is a type of psychological self-defense mechanism that provides an outlet for negative emotions or memories. Negatively perceived feelings that are associated to one person are transferred onto someone or something else considered less harmful ^[4]. It transpires when encountering socially stressful situations.

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A theory that refers to an involuntary process of sensory perceptions, spontaneous cognitive processes, changes in self-agency and behaviors, which result from interactions with a video game environment. This theory has been studied to understand the influence of how video games in the learning process ^[5].

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Refers to the emotional and cognitive connections that players establish with their in-game avatars — the digital representations of themselves or characters they control within a virtual environment, such as in video games or virtual reality simulations. These relationships can vary widely, ranging from a more utilitarian or instrumental perspective to a deeply empathetic and immersive connection.

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Refers to a phenomenon where individuals exhibit behaviours online that differ from their in-person conduct. This can involve a relaxation or abandonment of social norms and inhibitions during online interactions. Factors contributing to this effect include anonymity, invisibility, asynchronicity, solipsistic introspection, and dissociative imagination. It can lead to both positive and negative behaviours, emphasising the importance of digital literacy and responsible online conduct.

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Coined by Lev Vygotsky, is the theoretical concept representing the range of tasks that a learner can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable person, such as a teacher or peer, but cannot master independently. It emphasises the importance of collaborative learning and tailoring instruction to the learner’s current abilities and potential for growth.

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